Рецензенты:

канд. филол. наук, доцент ОмА МВД России В.Г. Болотюк, ст. препод. каф. английского языка О.В. Гоголь

К710 Косвенная речь в английском языке: сб. трениро-

вочных упражнений по практической грамматике: для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков / сост.: Д.Ю. Малетина, О.А. Никитина, Р.Р. Фазмутдинова.

– Омск: Изд-во ОмГУ, 2005. – 60 с.

ISBN 5-7779-0589-7

Сборник грамматических тренировочных заданий составлен на основе аутентичных источников, включающих материал английских и американских учебников, подготовлен с учетом требований учебной программы по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка».

Цель издания – помочь изучающим английский язык ознакомиться с грамматическим явлением «Косвенная речь» и отработать его на практике.

Сборник предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков и может быть использован в группах с разным уровнем подготовленности.

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Предлагаемое учебное издание представляет собой сборник грамматических тренировочных упражнений.

Сборник упражнений составлен в соответствии с учебной программой по курсу «Практическая грамматика английского языка» и прежде всего предназначен для студентов I курса факультета иностранных языков, однако также может быть рекомендован студентам других факультетов, изучающим английский язык как основную специальность.

Сборник состоит из двух разделов:

1. Теоретическая часть (базовые правила по теме «Косвенная речь»).

2. Практическая часть (упражнения, направленные на отработку, закрепление и употребление в речи грамматических структур по данной теме).

Большая часть теоретического раздела представлена в таблицах, что способствует лучшему усвоению и запоминанию материала.

Задания из второй части сборника включают в себя проверочные и тренировочные упражнения, выстроенные по принципу нарастания сложности:

– подстановочные упражнения,

– трансформационные упражнения,

– упражнения на исправление ошибок,

– упражнения на грамотное завершение предложений,

– упражнения на правильное соединение начала и конца предложений,

– упражнения на перевод с русского языка на английский, а также с английского на русский,

– пересказ диалогов из оригинальных текстов в косвенной

Разнообразие упражнений позволяет использовать пособие

в группах разного уровня подготовленности, а также осуществлять разные формы работы со студентами.

При работе с упражнениями по теме «Косвенная речь» возможна отработка и некоторых других грамматических явлений, тесно связанных с использованием прямой речи.

Данный сборник тренировочных упражнений можно использовать в качестве дополнительного пособия в сочетании с другими, основными учебниками по грамматике английского языка.

PART I. RULES OF REPORTING

1. REPORTING STATEMENTS

When the statement in direct speech is converted into reported speech the following rules must be observed:

♦ If the verb to say introducing the indirect statement is followed by an object, use the preposition to (to say to smb.), though the expression to tell smb . is more preferable in this case.

Tom said, “I"m awfully tired.”

Tom said that he was awfully tired.

Tom said to Bob, “I"m awfully

Tom said to Bob that he was awfully

Or: Tom told Bob that he was aw-

To say is usually used without an object to introduce the subordinate clause while to tell is followed by a direct object. Compare:

¾ She told me that she would be late.

¾ She said that she would be late.

The verb to tell can be a part of set expressions where a direct object can be omitted: to tell (somebody) a lie; to tell (somebody) a story; to tell fortunes (= to say what will happen to somebody in the future).

♦ No inverted commas are used in the reported statements.

♦ All personal and possessive pronouns are changed according to the person referring to the speaker.

♦ So and such are replaced by very, exceedingly etc. In exclamatory sentences:

She said, “Jane plays the pi-

She said Jane played the piano very

She said, “Jane is such a

She said Jane was an exceedingly

good pianist!”

(very) good pianist.

♦ The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed in the reported statements:

The Present Indefinite

The Past Indefinite

“I like peaches.”

He said he liked peaches.

The Present Continuous

The Past Continuous

“Is it raining?”

He asked if it was raining.

The Past I ndefinite

The Pas t Perfect

“I didn"t recognize you.”

She explained that she hadn"t recognized

The Present Perfect

The Past Perfect

“You"ve annoyed the dog.”

I told her she had annoyed the dog.

The Past Continuous

The Past Continuous or the Past Perfect

“I was joking about the

Continuous : He said he was joking (or:

he had been joking) about the price.

The Past Perfect

The Past Perfect

“I hadn"t seen her before.”

You said you hadn"t seen her before that

The Future Indefinite

The Future-Indefinite-in-the-Past

“We"ll be late.”

I was afraid we should (would) be late.

♦ If the time or the place of the events described in the direct statement has changed, replace the demonstrative pronouns and the adverbs of time and place in the following way:

that day, at the time

the day after tomorrow

two days later, in two days" time

the day before, on the previous day

the day before yesterday

the next year, the following year

the previous week/year

the other/previous night

Note : In the sentences like: I said, “I"ll be here tomorrow.” (Я ска-

зал: «Я буду здесь завтра».) the adverbs here and tomorrow may stay unchanged if the statement is reported on the same day and at the same place: I said I would be here tomorrow. Notice that it is also correct to change the adverbs according to the rule mentioned above: I said I"d be there the following day.

♦ If the statement consists of a few clauses referring to the past, only the verb of the first clause is used in Past Perfect.

John: Tom has done all his

John said that Tom had done all

homework. He did it before go-

his homework. He did it before

ing to the concert.

going to the concert.

2. QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH

Word order in a reported question is the same as in a statement. ♦ A reported general question is introduced by the conjunc-

tion if or whether (before which there is no comma!):

Robert: Does it often rain in your

Robert asked if it often rained in

part of the country?

their part of the country.

Helen: Have you seen this film

Helen wanted to know if Peter

had already seen that film.

♦ A reported special question is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces a direct question:

Tom said to the boys, “Who has

Tom asked the boys who had

tickets for “Hamlet?”

tickets for “Hamlet.”

John: Why are you late, Mary?

John wanted to know why Mary

♦ If a direct question to the subject contains the link verb to be, the direct order of words is not always strictly observed:

¾ Robert said,

Robert asked Bob

what his telephone number

what was his telephone

In set expressions like “What"s the time?”, “What"s the matter?”, “What"s the news!” inverted word order doesn"t change in reported speech.

♦ Reported questions are generally introduced by the following verbs and word combinations: to question; to inquire (more official than to “ask”); to want to know; I wonder; I"d like to know; Can you tell me and etc.

Short answers in reported speech

Short answers are converted into reported speech by repeating of the auxiliary or modal verb that a direct short answer contains. An auxiliary verb changes according to the rules of the sequence of tenses.

Frank: Has it stopped raining,

Frank asked Polly if it had

stopped raining and she said it

yet? Polly: Yes.

Mary: Does John ever come to

Mary asked Bob if John ever

came to see him and Bob said he

see you? Bob: Never.

Bob: Are you very tired, Mary?

Bob asked Mary if she was tired

and Mary answered she wasn"t.

Reporting elliptical sentences

If some parts of the sentence are missing, they should be restored according to the situation in the reported speech.

Mrs. Armstrong: I say, Peter. Do

Mrs. Armstrong told her hus-

band sensational news. She

know the latest sensation? The

said the Browns were applying

are applying for a divorce.

Mr. Armstrong was very much

Mr. Armstrong: Sounds incredi-

surprised and said it sounded

incredible, for the Browns had

seemed so attached to each other.

seemed very attached to each

Mrs. Armstrong: Never expected

His wife said she had never

expected it herself.

Nick: Feeling out of sorts?

Nick asked Michael why he

Michael: Rather.

was feeling out of sorts.

Nick: Private trouble?

Michael said it was because of

Michael: Yes, the children are

the children. They were getting

getting unmanageable.

3. REPORTED ORDERS AND REQUESTS

An order or a request in reported speech is expressed by an infinitive; in a negative sentence the particle to precedes the infinitive.

Orders and requests are introduced into reported speech with the help of one of the following verbs: to tell, to order, to command, to ask, to request, to beg and others. The choice of the verb is determined by the character of the order (request).

♦ The verb most commonly used to introduce reported orders is the verb to tell: the verb to order is frequently used, occasionally also the verb to command. The verb to tell corresponds to the Russian сказать, чтобы and велеть; to order and to command correspond to

приказать.

♦ The verb to request is used in official style, chiefly in the Passive Voice. It is best rendered in Russian by предложить. The verb to request introduces rather a veiled order than a request.

♦ Unemotional requests are usually introduced by the verb to

♦ The verb to beg introduces a request somewhat more emo-

♦ Emotional (emphatic) requests are introduced by the verbs to implore, to entreat, to beseech (умолять).

♦ The verb to urge introduces a request made with great insis-

The doctor said to the patient,

The doctor told the patient to

“Keep the bed for some days.”

keep the bed for some days.

Peter said to Mary, “Would you

Peter asked Mary to ring him up

mind ringing me up at nine?”

The lieutenant said to the soldiers,

The lieutenant ordered (com-

“Get ready for the march.”

manded) his men to get ready for

The teacher said to the pupils,

The teacher told his pupils not to

“Don"t talk.”

He said to me, “Let"s go to the

He invited me to go to the pic-

Betty said to her friend, “Do stay

Betty begged her friend to stay

with us a little longer.”

with them a little longer.

Eliza said to the stranger, “Do

Eliza implored the stranger to

save my child!”

The mother said to her son, “Do

The mother urged her son to

take care of yourself!”

take care of himself.

4. CONVERSATIONAL PATTERNS

IN REPORTED SPEECH

Greetings and Saying Good-by

To report greetings and saying good-by the following phrases are used:

Не greeted them,

He said good-bye to…

They greeted each other

He bade them good-bye...

He welcomed them.

He took his leave.

He took leave of...

He wished them good night.

The following phrases used in greetings and saying good-by (It "s good to see you; See you soon; Very good of you to come and etc.) may not be reported at all.

“Hello, Тоm.”

Tom and Jack greeted each other.

“Hello, Jack.”

“Happy to see you at my place,

Betty welcomed Mary saying that

Mary,” Betty said.

she was happy to see her at her

Tom called, “Good night, Mary,”

Tom wished Mary good night as

as he went down the steps.

he went down the steps.

He said, “Good-bye, Helen.”

He said good-bye to Helen.

He bade Helen good-bye.

He took leave of Helen.

He took his leave.

To report someone"s words used to introduce a person to another one the verb “to introduce” is used:

Mary: Mother, this is

Mary introduced Mr. Prinston to

To report someone"s words used in response to someone"s invitation the following phrases are used: he readily accepted the invitation; said he "d come most willingly; said she would be happy to…; declined the invitation and etc.:

Mr. Jackson: Come and have lunch with us on Sunday.

Mr. Black: I"d love to. Thank you very much.

Mrs. Parker: Can you come to dinner tomorrow? Mr. Eden: I"m sorry I can"t. I"m leaving tonight.

Mr. Jackson invited Mr. Black to lunch on Sunday and Mr. Black readily accepted the invitation.

Mrs. Parker invited Mr. Eden to dinner but he declined the invita- tion, as he was leaving that night.

To report expressions of gratitude the following phrases are

¾ Не thanked them for... – Он поблагодарил их за...

¾ Не said he was much obliged to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень обязан ему за…

¾ Не expressed his gratitude to him for... – Он выразил свою благодарность ему за...

¾ Не said he was grateful to him for... – Он сказал, что был очень благодарен ему за..

Words used in response to expressions of gratitude may not be reported at all:

Dick: Thanks for helping me with

Dick thanked Tom for helping

him with the bike.

Tom: Oh, that"s all right.

Mr. Jackson: Thank you ever so

Mr. Jackson expressed his grati-

much for your timely assistance.

tude to Mr. Brown for his timely

It saved me a lot of trouble.

assistance which had saved him a

Mr. Brown: Oh, not at all. It was a

real pleasure to be of help.

Mr. Brown said it had been a real

pleasure to be of help.

Apologies and Excuses

To report apologies and responses to them the following phrases are used: Не begged his pardon; He apologized to them for; She asked him to excuse her; He said it was all right:

Dick: Sorry for interrupting you.

Dick begged Mrs. Parker"s par-

Mrs. Parker: That"s all right. We

don for interrupting her and she

were just having a chat.

said it was all right. Dick apolo-

Dick: I"m sorry. I"m late.

gized for being late.

Bob: Excuse my rudeness. I didn"t

Bob asked Mr. Black to forgive

mean to hurt you.

his rudeness but Mr. Black was

Mr. Black: How could you be so

too much hurt to forgive him.

rude! It"s really unforgivable.

Offers and advice are rendered in reported speech with the help of the following verbs: to suggest, to offer, to advise.

The verbs “to suggest” and “to offer” are a little different in meaning, which is reflected in the corresponding sentence structures. “То offer” is used when the speaker is willing to fulfill an action by himself: Не offered to see Mary home. Besides, “to offer” is used when they tell about something material: a cup of tea, a cigarette etc. “To suggest” is used when they tell about some idea, advice.

Nick: Let"s walk home, Mary.

Nick suggested to Mary that

they should walk home.

Tom: What about going to the

Tom suggested going to the

Mary: You"d better stay at home,

he should stay at home.

Mary: Have a cup of tea, Bob.

Mary offered Bob a cup of tea.

Tom: I can fix that radio of yours

Tom offered to fix the radio.

The verb “to offer” is always followed by the infinitive, while the verb “to suggest” is used only in the following patterns:

was against it objected to doing it said she didn"t mind said she would not

In response to offers in the reported speech the following

phrases can be used:

¾ He

¾ He

strongly objected to his

refused point blank.

said he had better not.

said he needn"t.

To decline an offer sounds more polite than to turn down and to reject an offer; said he had better not…and said he needn"t… are typical to the spoken language, which is less formal.

Mr. Smith: I can drive you home

Mr. Smith offered to drive Ben

in my car, Ben. Ben: It"s very

home in his car and Ben will-

ingly accepted the offer (but Ben

Ben: Oh, no, thanks a lot.

refused point blank).

Expressions of Surprise, Joy, Rapture

and Other Emotions in Reported Speech

said with surprise (amazement)...

said in surprise...

He expressed his surprise (amazement) at the news.

was surprised (amazed) to hear...

was surprised (amazed) at hearing…

Peter: Believe me or not! Paul

Peter told Nelly that Paul had won

won the European boxing title.

the European boxing title. Nelly

Nelly: You don"t say so! Who

was surprised to hear it (or: at

would have expected it of such a

hearing that) and said she would

never have expected it of him.

¾ Не was delighted at their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He was delighted

¾ He expressed his joy (delight) at

to hear the news.

to hear that they...

the news. their coming.

their having done it.

¾ He said joyfully (with joy) that…

expressed his admiration of...

Mrs. Parker: I"m so happy! My

Mrs. Parker told Mrs. Green joy-

daughter has entered the Univer-

fully (with joy) that her daughter

had entered the University.

Mrs. Green: Such joy! I"m de-

Mrs. Green was delighted to hear

lighted to hear that.

the news (at the news).

Regret, Consolation, Sympathy

being unable to do it. ¾ He regretted having said it.

that he had said it.

¾ He sympathized with…

expressed his sympathy with…

Bob: I"m so sorry I can"t attend

Bob regretted being unable to

attend the conference.

Bob regretted that he was un-

able to attend the conference.

Mike: I"ll have to be operated on.

Mike was nervous about the com-

There"s no getting away from it.

ing operation, and Peter sympa-

I"m awfully nervous about it.

thized with him.

Peter: I"m so sorry for you.

Irritation, Indignation, Offence

was annoyed (irritated) with him, at his words. expressed his annoyance (irritation) with her because of her conduct.

was angry (indignant) with him, at the news. ¾ He said (cried) in anger (in indignation) that…

resented their criticism (interference). said resentfully that…

said in a resentful tone that…

Mr. Sievers: I"ve been waiting for Peter for an hour. How very annoying! I wonder if he will come at all.

The professor: How dare you talk like this to me!

1. Mr. Sievers expressed his annoyance (anger) with Peter for being late.

2. Mr. Sievers was annoyed (angry) with Peter for being late.

3. Mr. Sievers cried in anger (in an angry voice) that Peter had kept him waiting.

1. The professor was angry at the way the students spoke to him and said so.

2. The professor got angry with the students for the way they spoke to him.

3. The professor resented the way the students spoke to him.

¾ Не expressed his grief at the news.

¾ Не was filled with despair at...

¾ He cried in despair that...

Helen: Such a pity Bob is out. I

1. Helen was disappointed at

rather hoped to find him in and

not finding Bob in. She had

talk the matter over.

hoped to talk the matter over

2. Helen expressed her disap-

pointment at not finding Bob at

5. MODAL VERBS IN REPORTED SPEECH

When the sentences with modal verbs are converted into reported speech, modal verbs undergo the following changes:

Must , as a rule, remains unchanged in reported speech if it expresses advice (order) or a supposition bordering on assurance (должно быть).

Must is generally replaced by had to if it expresses necessity arising out of circumstances.

She said to him, “You must be

She told him he must be more

more careful.” (advice)

She said, “You must be very

She said he must be very fond of

fond of music if you go to con-

music if he went to concerts so

certs so often.” (supposition)

She said, “I must get up early

She said she had to get up early

every morning.”

When sentences containing the Subjunctive Mood are converted into reported speech, the form of the verb usually remains unchanged.

♦ However, there is a case when the rule of the sequence of tenses is observed: if we have the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may , may is changed into might if the verb in the principal clause stands in a past tense.

“I would be discharged if I were

She said that she would be dis-

charged if she were seen talking

seen speaking to you.”

“It is true I drink, but I wouldn"t

He admitted that he drank, but

said he wouldn "t have taken to

have taken to that if things had

that if things had gone differ-

gone differently.”

“I think cheerfulness is a fortune

She thought cheerfulness was a

fortune in itself. She wished she

in itself. I wish I had it.”

had it.

“Oh, how I wish I had never

She said she wished she had

seen him!”

never seen him.

“I suggest that we should have a

She suggested that they should

have a rest.

“I insist that you go there imme-

He insisted that we go there

“The boys will think none the

He said that the boys would

worse of you whatever you may

think none the worse of him

have done .”

whatever he might have done .

7. VERBS USED TO CONVERT STATEMENTS

INTO REPORTED SPEECH (Except “say”, “tell”, “ask” )

♦ To announce (объявлять, заявлять, и звещать) is used when something is spoken in public, especially for the first time:

He announced that the conference would be postponed.

♦ То declare (объ являть, заявлять, провозглашать) is more formal than to announce . The statement with this verb sounds more solemn:

The strikers declared they would not give in.

♦ То inform (сообщать, информировать) reports statements, especially news:

Не informed us that the time-table had been changed.

♦ То remark (отмечать, замечать, высказываться) is used to report remarks:

Не remarked that he did not like jazz music.

♦ То state (заявлять, сообщать, из лагать, формулировать)

Indirect Commands
Keep quiet! Don’t make noise!
He told me
He asked me 		to keep quiet and not to make noise.

Упражнение 1.
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.
E.g. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please””. – The teacher asked me to hand that note to my parents.
1. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert.
2. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.
3. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend.
4. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow.”
5. I said to Mike: “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.”
6. Father said to me: “Don’t stay here long.”
7. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” said my friend to me.
8. The doctor said to Nick: “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.”
9. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate.
10. The doctor said to Pete: “Don’t go for a walk today.”

Упражнение 2.
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
E.g.: He said “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” – He said he had just received a letter from his uncle.
1. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me.
2. I said to them: “I can give you my uncle’s address.”
3. Oleg said: “My room is on the second floor.”
4. Misha said: “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.”
5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said.
6. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
7. The teacher said to the class: “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.”
8. Mike said: “We have bought these books today.”
9. She said: “You will read this book in the 9th form.”
10. “You have not done your work well,” said the teacher to me.

Упражнение 3.
E.g.: Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. – Tom said: “I shall go and see the doctor tomorrow”
1. He told me he was ill.
2. He told me he had fallen ill.
3. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before.
4. I told my sister that she might catch cold.
5. She told me she had caught cold.
6. She said she was feeling bad that day.
7. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side.
8. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor.
9. He said he would not come to school until Monday.
10. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort.

Indirect Questions
Special questions He asked (me)…
He wanted to know…
He wondered…
“What are you doing?”
“Where do you live?”
“Where does he work?”
“What is Nick doing?”
“What have you prepared for today?”
“When did you come home yesterday?”
“When will your mother come home?” 		…what I was doing.
…where I lived.
…where he worked.
…what Nick was doing.
…what I had prepared for that day.
…when I had come home the day before.
…when my mother would come home.

Упражнение 4.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
E.g.: Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” – Mother asked me who had brought that parcel.
1. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?”
2. Ann said to Mike: “When did you leave London?”
3. She said to Boris: “When will you be back home?”
4. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?”
5. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?”
6. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”
7. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
8. I said to him: “How long are you going to stay here?”
9. Pete said to his friends: “When are you leaving St. Petersburg?”
10. He said to them: “Who will you see before you leave here?”

Упражнение 5.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
E.g.: Where did I put the book? (I forgot …) – I forgot where I had put the book.
1. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know …)
2. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me …)
3. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered …)
4. Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody …)
5. Where has he gone? (Did you know …)
6. Where is he? (Did you know …)
7. When will he come back? (She asked them …).
8. Where does he live? (Nobody knew …)
9. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…)
10. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know …)

Indirect Questions
General questions He asked (me)…
He wanted to know…
He wondered …
“Are you watching TV?”
“Do you play chess?”
“Does she go to school?”
“Are you listening to me?”
“Have you done your homework?”
“Did you skate last winter?”
“Will you see your friend tomorrow?” 		if, whether …I was watching TV.
…I played chess.
…she went to school.
…I was listening to him.
…I had done my homework.
…I had skated the winter before.
…I should see my friend the next day.

Упражнение 6.
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.
E.g. : I said to Mike: “Have you packed your suitcase?” – I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase.
1. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 2. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 3. I asked Tom: “Have you had breakfast?” 4. I asked my sister: “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 5. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?” 6. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 7. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?” 8. I said to Boris: “Does your friend live in London?” 9. I said to the man: “Are you living in a hotel?” 10. He said to me: “Do you often go to see your friends?”

Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
E.g.: I asked him if he was going to a health resort. – I said to him: “Are you going to a health resort?”.
1. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now.
2. I asked the man how long he had been to St. Petersburg.
3. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow.
4. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.
5. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital.
6. I asked my friend if he had a headache.
7. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill.
8. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.
9. I asked him if he was going to a health resort.
10. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.

1. Измените предложения с общими вопросами на косвенную речь.

Например: «Are you happy?» he asked her. («Ты счастлива?», спросил он ее.) - He asked her if she was happy. (Он спросил, счастлива ли она.)

  1. I asked him, “Have you seen my dog?” (Я спросил его: «Ты видел мою собаку?»)
  2. “Can you give me an ice-cream?” asked the little girl. («Вы можете дать мне мороженое?» - спросила маленькая девочка.)
  3. “Do you know when she will return?” he asked. («Ты знаешь, когда она вернется?» - спросил он.)
  4. The teacher said to the girls, “Have you done your homework?” (Учитель сказал девочкам: «Вы сделали домашнее задание?»)
  5. The little boy asked the man, “Will you help me?” (Маленький мальчик попросил мужчину: «Вы поможете мне?»)
  6. “Are you coming home with me?” he asked me. («Ты пойдешь со мной домой?» - спросил он меня.)
  7. “Do you really come from Japan?” the prince asked the young man. («Вы действительно родом из Японии?» - спросил принц молодого человека.)
  8. “Don’t you have a driving license?” I asked her. («Разве у вас нет водительских прав?» - спросил я ее.)
  9. Ann said, “Did anybody see you?” (Анна сказала: «Тебя кто-нибудь видел?»)
  10. “Are they hungry?” my mother asked. («Они голодны?» - спросила моя мама.)
  11. “Can you speak French?” the manager asked. («Вы можете говорить по-французски?» - спросил менеджер.)
  12. “Was your sister at home?” Bob asked. («Твоя сестра была дома?» - спросил Боб.)

2. Вы встретили бывшего соседа Уильяма. Он задает вам много вопросов:

  1. How are you?
  2. Where have you been?
  3. Where is your sister?
  4. What does her husband do?
  5. How much do you earn?
  6. When will you pay my money back?
  7. Why did you move to another place?
  8. Where are you going?
  9. Why didn’t you call me last month?
  10. What time can I call you?

Расскажите своему другу, о чем вас расспрашивал Уильям. Начинайте со слов: Не asked me ..., He wanted to know ..., He wondered ...

Например: He asked me how I was. (Он спросил, как у меня дела.)

3. Выберите подходящую форму глагола в каждом предложении.

  1. Paul asked me whether I liked travelling. - “... (Do you like/Did you like) travelling?” asked Paul.
  2. He asked me if I had finished the essay. – “... (Did you finish/Had you finished) the essay?” he asked me.
  3. Helen asked me if she could leave. – “... (Can/Could) I leave?” asked Helen.
  4. I asked Sam where we were going. – “Where ... (are we/were we/we were) going?” I asked.
  5. Mark asked Liz if she had met anyone the previous Sunday. – “... (Did you meet/Have you met) anyone last Sunday?” asked Mark.
  6. The policeman asked him whether the gun belonged to him. – “... (Does/Did) the gun belong to you?” asked the policeman.
  7. David asked his daughter when she would get back. – “When ... (would you get/will you get/have you got) back?” asked David.
  8. Diana asked me what time the film started. – “What time ... did/does the film start?” asked Diana.
  9. A passer-by asked me where the nearest toilet was. – “Where ... (was/has been/is) the nearest toilet?” asked a passer-by.
  10. She wondered who would buy that car. – “Who ... (will/would) buy that car?” she wondered.

Ответы:

  1. I asked him if he had seen my dog.
  2. The little girl asked whether I could give her an ice-cream.
  3. He asked me if I knew when she would return.
  4. The teacher wondered if the girls had done their homework.
  5. The little boy asked whether the man would help him.
  6. He asked if I was coming home with him.
  7. The prince asked the young man if he really came from Japan.
  8. I wanted to know if she didn’t have a driving license.
  9. Ann asked if anybody had seen her.
  10. My mother asked whether they were hungry.
  11. The manager asked if I could speak French.
  12. Bob wanted to know if my sister had been at home.

2. He asked me where I had been. (Он спросил меня, где я был.)

3. He wanted to know where my sister was. (Он хотел узнать, где моя сестра.)

4. He wondered what her husband did. (Он интересовался, чем занимается ее муж.)

5. He asked me how much I earned. (Он спросил меня, сколько я зарабатываю.)

6. He asked when I would pay his money back. (Он спросил, когда я верну ему деньги.)

7. He wondered why I had moved to another place. (Он поинтересовался, почему я переехал в другое место.)

8. He asked me where I was going. (Он спросил меня, куда я иду.)

9. He wanted to know why I hadn’t called him the previous month. (Он хотел узнать, почему я не позвонил ему в прошлом месяце.)

10. He asked what time he could call me. (Он спросил, во сколько можно мне позвонить.)

  1. Do you like travelling?
  2. Did you finish the essay?
  3. Can I leave?
  4. Where are we going?
  5. Did you meet anyone last Sunday?
  6. Does the gun belong to you?
  7. When will you get back?
  8. What time does the film start?
  9. Where is the nearest toilet?
  10. Who will buy that car?

1. Превратите следующие предложения в косвенную речь, сделав все необходимые изменения.

Н-р: Jack said: “ I am working hard.” (Джэк сказал: «Я много работаю.») – Jack said (that) he was working hard. (Джэк сказал, что много работает.)

I told her: “You can join us.” (Я сказал ей: «Ты можешь присоединиться к нам.») – I told her (that) she could join us.” (Я сказал ей, что она может присоединиться к нам.)

  1. Fred said: “I have invented a new computer program”. (Фрэд сказал: «Я изобрел новую компьютерную программу.»)
  2. Mary said: “I will help my sister.” (Мэри сказала: «Я помогу своей сестре.»)
  3. They told me: “We were really happy.” (Они сказали мне: «Мы были очень счастливы.»)
  4. She said: “I live in a big apartment.” (Она сказала: «Я живу в большой квартире.»)
  5. He told her: “I am going to the fish market.” (Он сказал ей: «Я собираюсь на рыбный рынок.»)
  6. Betty said: “I found my passport.” (Бетти сказала: «Я нашла свой паспорт.»)
  7. Mr. Ford said: “I don’t like pork.” (М-р Форд сказал: «Я не люблю свинину.»)
  8. Little Tim told his mother: “I am sleepy.” (Маленький Тим сказал маме: «Я хочу спать.»)

2. Преобразуйте следующие просьбы и советы в косвенную речь.

Н-р: The doctor said: “Please take a deep breath, Ann.”(Доктор сказал: «Пожалуйста, сделай глубокий вздох, Аня.») – The doctor asked Ann to take a deep breath. (Доктор попросил Аню сделать глубокий вздох.)

Sara: “Don’t forget to buy some juice.” (Сара: «Не забудь купить немного сока.») – Sara reminded not to forget to buy some juice. (Сара напомнила не забыть купить немного сока.)

She said: “You should stop smoking so much, Mark.” (Она сказала: «Тебе следует прекратить так много курить, Марк.» - She advised Mark to stop smoking so much. (Она посоветовала Марку прекратить так много курить.)

  1. The policeman said: “Keep the silence, please.” (Полицейский сказал: «Соблюдайте тишину, пожалуйста.») – The policeman asked ……
  2. Mother said: “Kids, you should wash your hands before lunch.” (Мама сказала: «Дети, нужно помыть руки перед обедом.») – Mother advised ……
  3. The dentist told me: “Don’t eat nuts anymore.” (Дантист сказал мне: «Больше не ешь орехи.») – The dentist warned ……
  4. Tom: “Could you lend me 20 dollars, please?” (Том: «Ты не мог бы одолжить мне 20 долларов?») – Tom asked ……
  5. Mr. Walters told his sons: “You must stay away from the lake.” (М-р Уолтерс сказал сыновьям: «Вы должны держаться подальше от озера.») – Mr. Walters warned ……
  6. John said: “You should see a lawyer, Ted.” (Джон сказал: «Тебе следует посетить адвоката.») – John advised ……
  7. The teacher told the students: “Don’t talk during the test.” (Учитель сказал студентам: «Не разговаривайте во время контрольной.») – The teacher warned ……
  8. The judge said: “Mr. Brown, you must pay a big fine.” (Судья сказал: «М-р Браун, вы обязаны заплатить большой штраф.») – The judge ordered ……

3. Измените вопросы на косвенную речь.

Н-р: “Where does your niece live ?”(«Где живет твоя племянница?») – He wanted to know where the niece lived . (Он хотел знать, где живет племянница.)

“Can you type?” («Ты умеешь печатать?») – The manager asked if I could type. (Менеджер спросил, могу ли я печатать.)

  1. “Where has Jim gone?” («Куда ушел Джим?») – Maria wanted to know ……
  2. “What did the workers eat?” («Что ели рабочие?») – They asked ……
  3. «Have you ever been to China, Sam?” («Ты когда-нибудь был в Китае, Сэм?») – I asked ……
  4. “Are you French or Italian?” («Вы француз или итальянец?») – She wanted to know ……
  5. “When will the next train arrive?” («Когда прибудет следующий поезд?») – I asked ……
  6. “Do you grow flowers in your garden, Mrs. Smith?” («Вы выращиваете цветы в своем саду, миссис Смит?») – She wondered ……

4. Теперь, наоборот, измените косвенную речь на прямую.

Н-р: Peter asked me if I was free. (Питер спросил меня, свободен ли я.) – Peter asked: “Are you free?”

She wanted to know where I had bought the dictionary. (Она хотела узнать, где я купила словарь.) – She asked: “Where did you buy the dictionary?”

  1. I asked him why he was tired. (Я спросил его, почему он устал.)
  2. We wanted to know if Kate had broken the car. (Мы хотели узнать, сломала ли Кейт машину.)
  3. He asked if they could meet on Tuesday. (Он спросил, могут ли они встретиться во вторник.)
  4. I wondered how often she used the washing-machine. (Я поинтересовалась, как часто она пользуется стиральной машиной.)
  5. Mother wanted to know if we would invite Kevin to the party. (Мама хотела знать, пригласим ли мы Кевина на вечеринку.)

Ответы:

1.

  1. Fred said (that) he had invented a new computer program.
  2. Mary said (that) she would help her sister.
  3. They told me (that) they had been really happy.
  4. She said (that) she lived in a big apartment.
  5. He told her (that) he was going to the fish market.
  6. Betty said (that) she had found her passport.
  7. Mr. Ford said (that) he didn’t like pork.
  8. Little Tim told his mother (that) he was sleepy.
  1. The policeman asked to keep the silence.
  2. Mother advised the kids to wash their hands before lunch.
  3. The dentist warned me not to eat nuts anymore.
  4. Tom asked to lend him 20 dollars.
  5. Mr. Walters warned his sons to stay away from the lake.
  6. John advised Ted to see a lawyer.
  7. The teacher warned the students not to talk during the test.
  8. The judge ordered Mr. Brown to pay a big fine.

Чтобы понять, что такое косвенная речь в английской грамматике, нужно разобраться для начала с тем, что собой представляет прямая речь.

Прямая речь — это фраза какого-либо субъекта, она звучит непосредственно из первых уст и заключается письменно в кавычки

Прямая речь представляет собой отдельное предложение, поэтому после того как открываем кавычки, первое слово пишем с прописной буквы. В английском языке после слов, указывающих кто говорит, ставится запятая. В то время как в русском мы ставим двоеточие:

  • Он сказал: «Я верну твою книгу завтра».

He said, «I will return your book tomorrow.»

Косвенная речь является способом передачи слов, сказанных другим человеком, при этом передающий преобразует чужие слова грамматически и по смыслу, чтобы было понятно, кому они принадлежат, сохраняя при этом общее содержание сказанного.

  • Он сказал, что вернет мою книгу на следующий день.

He said that he would return my book the next day. Секреты английской косвенной речи

Косвенная речь — преобразованная прямая

В повествовательных предложениях английского языка происходит ряд изменении при превращении прямой речи в косвенную:

    1. После слов, которые вводят фразу автора, запятая уже не ставится
    2. После вводных слов ставится союз that (что), иногда можно обойтись без него
    3. Если в вводных словах есть глагол to say (сказать), он заменяется на to tell (сказать), если после него следует дополнение, указывающее кому фраза адресуется

Следующая таблица с наглядными примерами поможет понять правила, что перечислены выше.

Главные предложения — это именно те вводные слова, такие как «Люк сказал», «она утверждает», «родители ответили» и т. д. Они сохраняют свою временную форму:

  • Present Indefinite (Настоящее Простое)
  • Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное)
  • Future Indefinite (Будущее Простое), даже будучи частью косвенной речи

Таблица с примерами опять же поможет вам уяснить данное правило

Постепенно мы подошли к важному моменту грамматики, который необходимо разобрать для понимания, как образуется косвенная речь в английском языке. Я имею виду правила согласования времен английского языка в косвенной речи. Следующая таблица передает принцип перехода времен (в верхней колонке — время, которое используется в прямой речи, в нижней колонке — время, которое нужно использовать в косвенной).

На примерах рассмотрим, как может измениться время при преобразовании речи.

  1. Present Simple (Настоящее простое) -> Past Simple (Прошедшее Простое)
    • Nick said, «I learn English.» — Ник сказал: «Я учу английский.»
    • Nick said that he learnt English. — Ник сказал, что он учит английский
  2. Present Progressive (Настоящее Длительное) -> Past Progressive (Прошедшее Длительное)
    • Leonardo said, «I am reading the book now.» — Леонардо сказал: «Я читаю книгу сейчас.»
    • Leonardo said that he was reading the book then. — Леонардо сказал, что он читает книгу сейчас
  3. Present Perfect (Настоящее Совершенное) -> Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное)
    • Angelina said, «I have seen him this morning.» — Анжелина сказала: «Я видела его этим утром.»
    • Angelina said that she had seen him that morning. — Анжелина сказала, что она видела его этим утром
  4. Past Progressive (Прошедшее Длительное) -> Past Progressive / Past Perfect Progressive (Прошедшее Совершенное Длительное)
    • Robert said, «I was swimming.» — Роберт сказал: «Я плавал.»
    • Robert said that he was swimming. — Роберт сказал, что он плавал.
    • Robert said that he had been swimming. — Роберт сказал, что он плавал
  5. Past Simple (Прошедшее Простое) -> Past Perfect (Прошедшее Совершенное)
    • Nina said, «I wrote the letters.» — Нина сказала: «Я писала письма.»
    • Nina said that she had written the letters. — Нина сказала, что она писала письма
  6. Future Simple (Будущее Простое) -> Future in the Past (Будущее в Прошедшем)
    • Kate said, «I will find the solution of this problem." — Кейт сказала: «Я найду решение этой проблемы.»
    • Kate said that she would find the solution of this problem. — Кейт сказала, что найдет решение этой проблемы

Английская грамматика строго регламентирует употребление нужных в том или ином случае временных форм. Дело в том, что каждая из них имеет свои особенности, через которые очевидна информация о периоде совершения действия. При переводе на русский язык, эти тонкости не так ощутимы, ввиду того, что русская грамматика отлична от английской.


Необходимые модификации в вопросительных и повелительных предложениях

  1. Косвенный вопрос отличается от обычного вопроса:
    • Имеет прямой порядок слов, то есть структуру подобную повествовательному предложению
    • Не требует вопросительного знака
    • Не нуждается в Present Simple и Past Simple во вспомогательном глаголе to do , который заменяется на if (ли)
      • Daniel said, «Do you want to walk?" — Даниил сказал: «Ты хочешь погулять?»
      • Daniel asked if I want to walk. — Даниил спросил, хочу ли я погулять
    • Правила согласования времен между главным и придаточным предложением остаются таким же, как и в повествовательного типа предложениях
    • Специальные вопросительные слова по-прежнему остаются в косвенной речи, помогая создать связь между главным и придаточным предложениями.
      • Bob asked me, «When did you meet her?» — Боб спросил: «Когда ты видел её?»
      • Bob asked me when I had met her. — Боб спросил, когда я её видел
  2. Косвенные просьбы и приказания:
    • Используются такие вводные глаголы
      Для просьб:
      • to ask — просить
      • to beg — просить
      • to implore — умолять

      Для приказаний :

      • to tell — сказать, велеть, приказать
      • to order — приказывать
      • to allow — разрешать
    • После вводной части следует инфинитивная конструкция
      To + глагол
      Просьба :
      • Lisa says, «Be attentive, please!» — Лиза говорит: «Будь внимателен, пожалуйста!»
      • Lisa asks to be attentive. — Лиза попросит быть внимательным.

      Приказание:

      • Jack says, «Learn English!» — Джек говорит: «Учи английский!»
      • Jack tells to learn English. — Джек велит учить английский.
    • Если нужна отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения, следует перед инфинитивной конструкцией поставить частицу -not
      • Kim says, «Don"t talk so loudly!» — Ким говорит: «Не говори так громко!»
      • Kim orders not to talk so loudly. — Ким приказывает не говорить так громко

Проверочные упражнения